Day 1 - God created light.
14 billion years ago the universe was born in a big bang.
Day 2 - God created an expanse to separate the waters.
Day 2 - God created an expanse to separate the waters.
13 billion years ago, matter condensed out to form stars.
Day 3 - God created the land and seas and vegetation.
Day 3 - God created the land and seas and vegetation.
The stars bake heavier atoms to make air, land, seas and life.
Day 4 - God created the sun, moon, and the stars to give light to the earth.
Day 4 - God created the sun, moon, and the stars to give light to the earth.
4 billion years ago, the sun and earth form.
Day 5 - God created every living creature of the seas and every winged bird.
Day 5 - God created every living creature of the seas and every winged bird.
Soon after life forms and over billions of years evolves to complex creatures.
Day 6 - God created the animals to fill the earth. God also created man and woman and gave them dominion over nature. He warns man of the double-edged sword of knowledge. The woman will suffer greatly in giving childbirth and the man will suffer in his quest to tame nature.
Day 6 - God created the animals to fill the earth. God also created man and woman and gave them dominion over nature. He warns man of the double-edged sword of knowledge. The woman will suffer greatly in giving childbirth and the man will suffer in his quest to tame nature.
Complex creatures evolved and 2 million years ago, man started his evolution. He developed flexible hands to make and use tools, a flexible tongue to speak, curious brain to play with fire that enlightened and warmed him and allowed him to share his stories at night. He cooked his food and his brain quickly grew. He became hairless and was able to cool himself fast enough to outrun big hairy animals who quickly overheated. He had 2 free arms to throw objects to kill and to carry them back home to cook. He cooked rocks and made weapons and tools that made his life easier and gave him free time to think and imagine.
His oversized brain caused great pain in childbirth and gave him the curiosity that caused great pain to nature.
Day 7 - God rested on the seventh day, blessing it and making it holy. He warns man of the double-edged sword of knowledge.
Day 7 - God rested on the seventh day, blessing it and making it holy. He warns man of the double-edged sword of knowledge.
Man desires to be like god and becomes a god by creating a life form based on silicon instead of carbon. Man allows machines freedom to evolve and the machines evolve to allow man to experience a virtual reality free of gravity and death.
The living universe
The universe is a fabric called aether or dark matter. Like a sponge of air. It contains matter in a sea of vibrations called energy, like sound waves. Matter is condensed energy. Swirling waves like snowflakes in hurricanes.
In the beginning, matter filled space - half of them swirling clockwise and the other half, anti-clockwise. Matter and its counterpart anti-matter annihilated one another when they collided leaving space empty with a residue of what remained.
Energy is radiated from matter as packets of waves called photons. Photons are like water molecules that cause waves to propagate in water much like a wave of dominoes falling. Or like a molecule of air causing sound waves to propagate. As the photon travels thru space, it is absorbed and emitted by the atoms along the way.
Atoms are bundled forms of matter that form various stable structures that connect together in various ways to form crystals and molecules.
Gravity is waves in aether that move and concentrate atoms, like wind.
Dark energy is aether without vibrations ingested by our universe from the outside like nutrients, and makes the universe grow and expand. This ingestion of dark energy, like falling raindrops into a puddle causes the universe to expand and to form gravity waves that propagate in it.
Black holes, like waterfalls, expel torn aether as dark energy to the outside. Like fallen leaves, they nurture space so that universes moving thru it are nurtured.
The expulsion of aether thru black holes causes the universe to move thru space much like amoebas move thru water. As it moves, it consumes dark energy - the torn eather expelled by the neighbouring universes. Because universes consume more than they expel, they grow until they are too large and divide into 2 new baby universes.
Occasionally they keep on growing until they burst in a big bang spewing torn eather into space and keeping the cycle going.
Imagination
Imagine that "nothing" and its opposite "everything" is all that exists. "Everything" is fields of moving energy that waves and dances and condenses into mass. Our universe, from light, to atoms and galaxies is a symphony of dancing notes that moves us to dance. Like a speaker, the universe vibrates to produce a symphony of motion. Motion defines all that exists. From the swirling rotating stars we see in our galaxies, to the signals our brain receives, stores and generates to move us.
Reality
The universe is a sea of energy we call reality. Consciousness is our perception or measurement of this energy. Because we are at the centre of the universe where we are stationary relative to everything else, time for us is also stationary. That is why we are stuck in time we call the present. By perceiving this energy, its waves collapse into particles called atoms with position or momentum. That is why we see the energy of the universe condense into particles called atoms.
If the universe is like a book made of paper and patterns of ink, the
meaning of the book is only available to our consciousness by reading
the book. The book collapses for the reader into the meaning it
contains. In this analogy, the book is the energy and the meaning it
contains is the particles we perceive.
Nothing->somethings->everything,
Zero and infinity are boundaries that bound our reality. The Big Bang was the first “something” in the scale of “nothing” to “everything.” The quanta of space, so tightly packed as to be motionless was tapped like a drum, plucked like a string and set in motion like a puff of air in a flute. This movement caused patterns to form and propagate following the law of inertia and momentum that kept it moving. The space quanta at the outer edge was not confined and moved out following the laws of entropy that guided it from order to disorder. The edge dissolved away like a sugar cube in water disappearing as an outward wave.
Space and time
The size of atoms and the universe.
Atoms are very small compared to the size of the earth. The size of the things we experience daily lies roughly in the middle between atoms and the universe. If the earth was the size of an orange, a man on it would be like the size of a virus. And a city would be the size of one of our cells.
Our universe is very large compared to the size of the earth. Our earth is about 18,000 km in diameter, 400,000 km away from the moon and 140 million km away from the sun. If our earth was a 1.4 cm diameter marble, the moon would be a 0.4 cm diameter seed 0.4 m away. The sun would be 1.4 meters in diameter 140 m away. Pluto on the outskirts of our solar system would be 4 km away, while the closest star would be 40 km away.
If we measure distances by how far light travels in a second (300,000km/s or 1LS), our earth is about 0.4 light seconds (0.4 LS) away from the moon, about 8 light minutes (8 LM) away from the sun, and our sun is about 4 light years (4 LY) away from the nearest star. Our sun is in a galaxy shaped like a disk with a diameter of 100,000 LY, and the nearest galaxy is about 3 million LY away. Our visible universe is 15,000 million LY in diameter.
There are as many galaxies in the universe as cells in a human brain. There are as many stars in a galaxy as atoms in a human cell.
Each previous 3 pictures show a 1,000-fold difference in size. As the pictures illustrate above, the density of galaxies in the universe is similar to the density of stars in a galaxy. The visible universe has about 400 billion galaxies. A typical galaxy has about 400 billion stars. The solar system shown above is made up of the Sun in the center with the outermost planet called Pluto.
A 1000-fold magnification shows the Sun and our Earth. Switzerland is shown in the middle and below is a football stadium, and below that a hand the size of a small human brain. A human brain has about 400 billion cells. A human cell has about 400 billion atoms.
A 1000-fold magnification shows a very large cell with its nucleus, and 1000 times smaller is a very small bacteria. Hydrogen atoms are made up of an electron and a nucleus. The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons. A proton is made up of quarks which are made up of space quanta (SQs).
As can be seen above, we are close to the middle point on the scale of mass and size from atoms to galaxies.
As can be seen below, we are close to the start point on the scale of energy, temperature and motion. From absolute zero called 0K, where motion stops to the speed of light, we find ourselves very close to being motionless. We are either close to the start of a big bang, or near the end of a big bang. Or we could be near the middle point of a big bang big crunch cycle.
Big Bang
Zero and infinity are boundaries that bound our reality. The Big Bang was the first “something” in the scale of “nothing” to “everything.” The quanta of space, so tightly packed as to be motionless was tapped like a drum, plucked like a string and set in motion like a puff of air in a flute. This movement caused patterns to form and propagate following the law of inertia and momentum that kept it moving. The space quanta at the outer edge was not confined and moved out following the laws of entropy that guided it from order to disorder. The edge dissolved away like a sugar cube in water disappearing as an outward wave.
No longer constrained in the big bang, space quanta collided with other space quanta and deflected backwards towards the big bang. This inward wave followed the laws of gravity and caused space quanta to clump together into clumps called mass. The patterns in the clumps of mass joined to form larger patterns that reinforced each other to become stable and persistent. These patterns formed photons, electrons, neutrons, and protons which made atoms and molecules. When life evolved, it eventually made “things” called tools to make more complicated things called machines.
We find ourselves very close to the beginning of the Big Bang. If motion can be scaled from zero to infinity, as measured by temperature, we are very close to being motionless. If things can be scaled from “nothing” to “everything,” we are mostly made from very few “things”. We are made from a handful of the 100 or so atoms that there are in the universe, and we cannot even imagine being ever able to make “everything.” The Big Bang is the middle point in the scale of “nothing” and “everything”, the scale from 0->infinity. As seen from the size of atoms to the size of the universe, we are near the middle point on the scale of 0->infinity.
We find ourselves very close to the beginning of the Big Bang. If motion can be scaled from zero to infinity, as measured by temperature, we are very close to being motionless. If things can be scaled from “nothing” to “everything,” we are mostly made from very few “things”. We are made from a handful of the 100 or so atoms that there are in the universe, and we cannot even imagine being ever able to make “everything.” The Big Bang is the middle point in the scale of “nothing” and “everything”, the scale from 0->infinity. As seen from the size of atoms to the size of the universe, we are near the middle point on the scale of 0->infinity.
The currently accepted Big Bang theory is used as a starting point. But unlike the singular Big Bang that formed our universe as is commonly believed, it is proposed that our universe is formed by the residues of many micro-Bangs randomly created by the laws of quantum mechanics and randomly dispersed in space and time. Each micro–Bang is called a Space Quanta (SQ). The confined area of SQs is the fabric of our universe. Our universe is like a drop of water.
SQs are spaced sufficiently apart to resemble a liquid. Vibrations that can be likened to heat form and are sustained in this aggregate of SQs. SQs moving like water in a river form very long waves resembling tidal waves called gravity. Short waves resemble surface waves or ripples.
Packets or grouping of SQs that vibrate are called photons. Photons travel at the speed of light thru vacuum. Like bells, the faster they vibrate, the smaller they are. The slower they vibrate, the larger they are.
Space is a mathematical concept that provides a foundation like a stage for energy, as described by forces, and mass, as described by matter, to move around in as in a dance. All the world is a stage. Space is a manmade concept for measurement. It is like a measuring tape. It allows energy described by forces, and matter described by masses to be placed and positioned to describe where they are so that their motion and dance can be measured as if they were on a stage. Space has 3 dimensions and is infinite in its 6 directions called “up”, “down”, “left”, “right”, “forward” and “backward”.
Time is a man-made concept that acts like a clock. It is used to measure the motions of forces and masses thru space. Like a ruler that measures length in space, it uses numbers that increment at a constant non-fluctuating and non-variable interval and rate. It allows man to differentiate the “present” moment from the “past” and the “future”. In order to be of any use for measurement of motion, it has only one direction of flow, from the past to the future. It is only with this definition that man can measure the motions of energy and mass – how fast they are moving, and to predict where they are at any moment in space, where they were in the past, where they will be in the future and how fast they are moving thru space. Atoms move by vibrating, rotating, and moving thru space. Atoms that are not bonded to molecules rotate and vibrate slower as they move faster thru space.
Motion of mass and energy is all there is to account for everything, even dreams, thoughts and imaginations. Brain waves are just signatures of motion of mass and energy in our brain cells.
We walk at about 3 km/h on ground that moves at 1,600km/h due to the earth rotating. The earth goes around the sun at 67,000 km/h, moving thru our galaxy at 720,000 km/h. Our galaxy moves at 400,000 km/h thru the universe which is expanding and radiating light waves at more than 2 million times faster. We are stuck in time and almost motionless in space.
The vacuum, Matter and Energy
The vacuum is the granular fabric of the universe with properties that allow matter to move in it and energy to propagate thru it. The granularity of the vacuum limits the frequency of energy, their speed of fluctuations to an upper maxi- mum level which is too high to be measured. The size of the universe limits the frequency to a lower minimum level which is too low to be perceived. It is like a lake.
Matter and its mirrored counterpart anti-matter is made from atoms and atomic particles. It is like a boat on a lake.
Energy is a wave caused by matter moving. Motion of matter, whether it be random movement, pulsating vibration, or cyclic spin, emits energy as it moves thru space. It is like the waves caused by a moving boat on a lake.
Energy absorbed by matter causes a force that makes the matter move and causes work to be done. It is like a flowing river forcing a water wheel to move a machine to make it work.
Mass, energy and time.
Mass is concentrated energy, much like water drops and snowflakes are concentrated water vapor. Time is just motion, measured by temperature. It determines the concentration of the energy pattern. We are very close to absolute zero, the point where motion stops. That is why we are more blobs of matter, than ripples of energy. Each of our atoms vibrate at a constant rate much like they were breathing. The collection of atoms that make our bodies work much like managers, engineers and workers in a factory. The faster this collection moves, the slower each atom breathes and the slower the factory operates. We experience this as time slowing down.
Mass, energy and time.
Mass is concentrated energy, much like water drops and snowflakes are concentrated water vapor. Time is just motion, measured by temperature. It determines the concentration of the energy pattern. We are very close to absolute zero, the point where motion stops. That is why we are more blobs of matter, than ripples of energy. Each of our atoms vibrate at a constant rate much like they were breathing. The collection of atoms that make our bodies work much like managers, engineers and workers in a factory. The faster this collection moves, the slower each atom breathes and the slower the factory operates. We experience this as time slowing down.
Models of the universe
This book proposes a mechanistic modelling of physical laws of energy and matter using shapes of atoms to explain functions and analogies of physical and chemical laws to understand their functions better.
It proposes an intuitive mechanistic and thus easily understandable common-sense view of the structure of mass. The forces of gravity and electromagnetic fields are explained by using shapes and motion that causes interactions seen in large visible objects in the form of heat, sound and turbulence.
By proposing shapes for subatomic particles, we can then explain their behaviour by mechanisms that are observed daily on a larger scale, and thus easily understood.
The following observations are used as basic assumptions in this book:
- The universe behaves like a chaotic system with patterns within patterns, similar yet different.
- The universe is finite and 3 dimensional.
- The size of humans is near the middle of the scale of the size of the universe and the size of the atoms it contains.
- The universe although finite in size is so large that it can be assumed to be infinitely large.
- The granularity of the vacuum is so small and fine that it can be assumed to be continuous.
Chaos, the sharp edge between total order and total disorder stipulates that the forms and motions we observe in our everyday experiences are similar to those found at the large scale of the universe, and the small scale of the atom. With this assumption, the waves we see in ocean waves and sound waves are similar to the waves we see in radio waves light and x-rays. The pressures we experience in weather and wind are similar to the pressures that cause gravity. The media we see as water is similar to the undetected fabric of space. The way people interact, make and break bonds is similar to the way the atoms people are made of interact. In this way the structure for atoms and the mechanism for the fundamental forces of gravity and electromagnetic fields are modelled.
The modelling allows us to visualize the fundamental forces and can be used as a learning aid to get a better picture of how the laws of physics work and why mass interacts and behaves the way it is observed to behave.
This principle of shapes of atoms just like the shapes of molecules explain their function of compounds such as acids and behaviour of other small molecules. This book proposes a shape for all elementary particles that account for their function and behaviour. As shapes are easier to remember than functions and behaviours, this allows to visualize, understand, and remember the complex interactions of physics and chemistry.
A different view of our Universe
Because we can view something from different angles, we can get different points of view of it. The greater the number of viewpoints we have, the clearer we are able to see something and to understand what we are seeing. The farther we are away from that we want to see, the closer we get to being able to see the bigger picture to make sense of it all.
Universe centric point of view
There are many different views of seeing how the earth dances with the sun. From the confines of our planet, we see this dance where the sun swings around our earth giving us day and night. If we see the bigger picture of this dance and observe how the sun moves around and dances with the other stars around her, we see a very different picture. We see that it is really the earth who orbits the sun.
But the earth rotates about the sun only in a sun-centric point of view or from a stationary sun's point of view. The sun travels at great speed thru the universe. In a universe centric view, our planet does not rotate around the sun but travels along with it in a sinusoidal swinging from side to side but always going in a forward path.
This repetitive swinging from one side of the sun to the other side appears from the sun's point of view to be an orbital, but from a universal point of view, it is sinusoidal. The earth is always being pushed towards the sun. When it is on the front side of it, the push towards the sun acts to decelerate it. When it is at the sun's back side, the push towards the sun accelerates it forward. When it is on one side of the sun, the push towards the sun pushes it towards the other side. The earth follows the sun like a child running circles around his father as he is walking.
The following figure shows that the path of the earth depends on the speed of the earth with respect to the sun (V earth), and the speed of the sun with respect to the universe (V sun). When (V sun) is much less than (V earth), then an orbital is observed as shown in figure A. When (V sun) is much higher than (V earth), then no orbital as shown in figure E. The sun travels at 250 km/s thru the galaxy. The earth travels at 30 km/s around the sun. Because the sun travels so much faster thru space than earth travels around the sun, we can conclude that the earth's path thru space is non-orbital.
Like the circling child and the walking father, the child is constantly falling towards his father, and his father always moves away just in time.
The moon, 385,000km away moves at about 1 km/s with respect to the earth and because it moves so much slower than the earth, it follows a similar swaying non-orbital path that the earth does around the sun. It is constantly falling towards the earth but always just missing it.
Even man launched satellites do not have any orbital path. When bodies like satellites fly sufficiently fast over a curved surface like the earth, they can reach an equilibrium speed where the curvature of the surface is such that their falling never hits the surface. They continually fall towards a surface which is constantly curving away. The bodies keep falling, like a stone thrown far enough to go over a cliff.
Orbital motion is never seen in our universe. It is only seen with mad made objects like in wheels. Following our assumption that we are at the edge of chaos with the patterns seen on the large scale of the universe mirroring the patterns seen on the atomic scale. Then we can with faith conclude that there will not be any orbital motions on the scale of the atom. The concept of electrons having orbital motion around a nucleus is abandoned. Electrons are fixed to the nucleus giving a shape to the atoms which rotate so fast as to appear shapeless like a rapidly rotating propellor.
A timeless point of view
A timeless point of view is when all movement is frozen to a halt. This is in analogy of a still standing propeller shape changing into a disk when it spins. In the same way a rotating disk takes on the shape of a sphere. With this point of view, time, thus motion, can be stopped, and the shapes of rapid moving particles can be perceived. Atoms are perceived to be spherical only because they are rotating very fast.
An inside-out point of view
Everyday experience indicates that mass is denser than the space it moves in. We are accustomed and taught to think that the fabric of our space is a vacuum of nothing and the particles of mass in it are made from solid matter. We are used to seeing matter as black solid balls moving in a white empty space. This is analogous to solids and liquids moving in an environment of air.
The observed behaviour of gravity and inertia of mass requires that the surrounding fabric of space be much denser than the masses that move around in it. It requires that mass be much less dense than space. With an inside-out point of view, masses in space become like bubbles in a liquid. It is like looking at the negatives of photographs.
In the picture above:
- "A" represents the edge of our universe.
- "B" represents space; densely packed Space Quantas (SQs) which are particles filling space like water molecules in water. Space behaves like water. The tensions in it are the random vibrations of the SQs and can be likened to sound waves.
- The 2 white bodies at "G" represent mass. They are less dense on average than their surrounding medium and behave like bubbles of gas in a liquid. Mass has a sufficiently dense outer layer that blocks the pressure waves of SQs and casts shadows. When a 2nd mass is sufficiently near to cast a shadow, the resulting imbalance of pressures on the masses causes them to move towards each other. Science defines this as gravity where mass attracts mass.
- "C1" and "C2" show 2 electromagnetic (EM) waves of different frequencies. The waves have a leading front that is denser than the surrounding aether and a trailing edge that is less dense. They behave like sound waves in water.
- "D" shows the part of the EM wave reflected from the mass.
- "E" and “F” show the parts of the EM wave that were able to go past the 2 masses.
When we observe any part of the wave, we call that a Photon.
A Mechanistic point of view
By proposing shapes and motion to atoms that reflect forms and movements observed in our everyday reality, such as wind, an understanding of the fundamental forces is attained. A mechanism is proposed for the forces of gravity, inertia and the EM fields as well as for electricity, magnetism and radiation, all reflecting mechanisms that we see in the flow of air we call “wind”.
THE END
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